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- <text id=92TT1068>
- <title>
- May 18, 1992: Healing by Wire
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1992
- May 18, 1992 Roger Keith Coleman:Due to Die
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- MEDICINE, Page 68
- Healing by Wire
- </hdr><body>
- <p>With videophones and satellite linkups, an examination by the
- world's top specialists can be a phone call away
- </p>
- <p>By ANDREW PURVIS
- </p>
- <p> A neuroradiologist in Iowa studies the swirling contours
- of his patient's cat scan and immediately books the man for
- surgery. An Atlanta cardiologist, glancing at an untouched
- bottle of heart pills, looks his patient in the eye and urges
- him to take his medicine. A psychiatrist notes the pallor on the
- face of an earthquake survivor in Armenia and counsels her on
- post-traumatic-stress disorder.
- </p>
- <p> Typical encounters between doctor and patient? Perhaps.
- But in each case the doctor and the patient are not seated knee
- to knee in an examining room: they are hundreds -- in one case
- thousands -- of miles apart. The physicians are practicing
- telemedicine, an emerging hybrid of telecommunications and
- patient care in which people in medically underserved areas use
- ordinary telephone lines to consult with highly trained
- specialists whom they could not otherwise afford to see.
- </p>
- <p> In the past two years, two-way video telemedicine projects
- have been launched in Texas, Georgia and West Virginia, while
- less sophisticated methods relying on still photography have
- cropped up in Iowa, North Carolina and Nevada, among other
- states. U.S. doctors via satellite have diagnosed conditions in
- patients in Armenia, the Philippines and Belize. "It's a way of
- cloning the specialist and sending him out to locations around
- the world," says Dr. Jay Sanders, a telemedicine pioneer now
- teaching at the University of Miami.
- </p>
- <p> Since the first videophone was unveiled at the New York
- World's Fair in 1964, doctors have dreamed of healing by wire.
- But the reality of transmitting a detailed picture over a
- 1-mm-thick (.04 in.) copper cable proved elusive. Then in the
- 1980s engineers working with a technique called digital signal
- compression managed to boost the data-carrying capacity of
- ordinary phone lines 30-fold.
- </p>
- <p> Specialists in radiology, cardiology and neonatology,
- whose high-priced services are in great demand in rural areas,
- have been quick to take advantage of the new technology. These
- doctors do much of their diagnosing with tests such as
- echocardiograms, CAT scans and fetal monitoring, which can be
- displayed electronically and sent over the wires with ease.
- </p>
- <p> For towns like Indianola, Miss. (pop. 12,000), the
- technology arrived just in time. One evening last month, the
- physician on duty at the South Sunflower County Hospital
- admitted a five-year-old girl who had miraculously survived a
- brutal car wreck. Apart from cuts and bruises, she seemed O.K.,
- although tests showed that she had lost some blood. A year ago,
- a doctor might simply have kept her under observation. But the
- hospital had recently hired Teleradiology Associates, a group
- of radiologists based in Durham, N.C. Just to be safe, the
- doctor sent them a CAT scan of the child.
- </p>
- <p> Viewing the image on a TV screen in his dimly lighted
- office three states away, Dr. David Forsberg noticed that
- something was wrong. "You could see a rupture in the integrity
- of the spleen." He immediately recommended surgery; her bleeding
- organ was removed and her life saved. "In the middle of the
- night, it's reassuring to know that you're bringing your
- patients the best care available," says Dr. Tony Kusek, a
- country doctor -- and teleradiology enthusiast -- in Albion,
- Neb.
- </p>
- <p> Outfitted with new data-compression technology, telephone
- lines can also carry primitive video. Networks that allow doctor
- and patient to sit down face to face, so to speak, and run
- through symptoms, diagnosis and treatment have been set up in
- Texas, West Virginia, Georgia and Florida (where the system is
- used to treat state-prison inmates). Images are still jerky,
- but consulting specialists can guide the doctor or nurse on
- site through a physical exam and discuss the results. "It's
- like learning to fly a plane with the pilot at your shoulder,"
- observes Dr. Charles Driscoll, a family practitioner at the
- University of Iowa.
- </p>
- <p> The future of telemedicine can be glimpsed in an
- experiment combining satellite transmission and high-definition
- television. Last December doctors in Boston used these
- technologies to study patients in Belize suffering from
- cutaneous leishmaniasis, a parasitic skin disease. The quality
- of the images was "amazing," says Dr. Linda Brinck. Doctors
- could clearly see the changes in skin texture and coloration
- that characterize the ailment.
- </p>
- <p> The drawback: satellites and HDTV cost millions, and even
- the more modest telemedicine networks that use ordinary phone
- lines and two-way video are priced at $500,000. "For community
- hospitals, that's an awful lot of money," notes Dr. Tony
- Franken, head of radiology at the University of Iowa.
- </p>
- <p> Still, the costs of fiber optics and digital compression
- are shrinking. Eventually, the projected savings from
- telemedicine -- up to $1,500 for every patient who does not have
- to be transported to an acute-care hospital -- are likely to
- outweigh the price. For enthusiasts like Dr. Brinck, the
- possibilities are limitless. She envisions U.S. specialists
- teaching the latest diagnostic techniques to isolated medics in
- Central Africa who, in turn, can inform American colleagues of
- emerging health crises in their regions. Satellite ties with
- doctors in Africa in the 1960s, she points out, might have drawn
- attention to aids long before it exploded in the bathhouses of
- San Francisco 20 years later. This is one way, at least, in
- which a smaller world may become a healthier world.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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